查看当前Kernel版本
uname -r
<<'COMMENT'
3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
COMMENT
查看当前系统启动引导项
-
可以看出有两个引导项
-
- 第一个是 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
-
- 第二个是 0-rescue-f892a2a55b8041868ce40ff2a39cc252
cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg |grep menuentry
<<'COMMENT'
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
menuentry_id_option=""
export menuentry_id_option
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64-advanced-ef2e2ae4-386d-4353-ad99-b42e21fee3f1' {
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-f892a2a55b8041868ce40ff2a39cc252) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-f892a2a55b8041868ce40ff2a39cc252-advanced-ef2e2ae4-386d-4353-ad99-b42e21fee3f1' {
COMMENT
查看当前Kernel包
rpm -qa |grep kernel
<<'COMMENT'
kernel-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
kernel-devel-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64
abrt-addon-kerneloops-2.1.11-48.el7.centos.x86_64
kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-headers-3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64
COMMENT
Kernel版本升级
通过elrepo源，可以下载到最新的稳定版kernel版本。
# 方法一
yum update -y
# 方法二
# ELRepo项目(yum源）侧重于硬件相关的包来增强你的经验与企业Linux, 包括文件系统驱动,显卡驱动,网络驱动程序,声音驱动,摄像头和视频驱动程序。
# 适用于RHEL-7, SL-7 or CentOS-7
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
<<'COMMENT'
Retrieving http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo ################################# [100%]
COMMENT
yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
<<'COMMENT'
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
elrepo-kernel | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
elrepo-kernel/primary_db | 1.7 MB 00:00:24
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
Available Packages
kernel-lt.x86_64 4.4.123-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 4.4.123-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-doc.noarch 4.4.123-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 4.4.123-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 4.4.123-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 4.4.123-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 4.4.123-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml.x86_64 4.15.12-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 4.15.12-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-doc.noarch 4.15.12-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 4.15.12-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 4.15.12-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 4.15.12-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 4.15.12-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
perf.x86_64 4.15.12-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
python-perf.x86_64 4.15.12-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
COMMENT
# 目前这个下载的是版本为4.15.12-1.el7.elrepo
yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml
修改启动项顺序
# 将第一个内核作为默认内核
sed -i 's/GRUB_DEFAULT=saved/GRUB_DEFAULT=0/g' /etc/default/grub
# 重新配置内核项
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
<<'COMMENT'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-f892a2a55b8041868ce40ff2a39cc252
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-f892a2a55b8041868ce40ff2a39cc252.img
done
COMMENT
# 修改开机时默认使用的内核
grub2-set-default 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)'
# 查看内核修改结果
grub2-editenv list
<<'COMMENT'
saved_entry=CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
COMMENT
查看升级后的系统启动引导项
-
可以看出有两个：
-
- 第一个是 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64
-
- 第二个是 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
-
- 第三个是 0-rescue-f892a2a55b8041868ce40ff2a39cc252
cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg |grep menuentry
<<'COMMENT'
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
menuentry_id_option=""
export menuentry_id_option
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64-advanced-ef2e2ae4-386d-4353-ad99-b42e21fee3f1' {
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64-advanced-ef2e2ae4-386d-4353-ad99-b42e21fee3f1' {
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-f892a2a55b8041868ce40ff2a39cc252) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-f892a2a55b8041868ce40ff2a39cc252-advanced-ef2e2ae4-386d-4353-ad99-b42e21fee3f1' {
COMMENT
重启系统
- 选择需要的内核版本为3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64的启动引导项
reboot
查看升级后的Kernel版本
# 查看当前内核版本
uname -r
<<'COMMENT'
3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64
COMMENT
删除原有内核版本
yum remove kernel-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 -y
参考文献
本作品由陈健采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可。
